Canadian Public Sector Reform: Towards a Neo-Weberian State?

Recent turbulence in governing environments has reinvigorated big questions about the efficacy of various public governance approaches. This article examines the applicability of the neo-Weberian state (NWS) approach to the Canadian case. Our analysis reveals that while Canada meets the original NWS criteria (NSW1), it does not currently meet the more recent NWS2 requirements. Canada’s decentralized federal system and Indigenous governance dynamics challenge the hierarchy essential to the NWS. As a modest reformer, Canada’s public management reform trajectory has not yielded many of the elements stipulated by the NWS. Canada remains characterized by partial and often asymmetrical incrementalism, which we argue points to a hybrid, pragmatic, and negotiated (HPN) approach. Looking at Canada through the lens of NWS2 raises important questions and considerations for the future directions of Canadian public management but also identifies further opportunities to sharpen the NWS approach by considering how key criteria might be operationalized.