Gender: Female | –0.177 | 0.367 | –0.169 | 0.169 | –0.068 | 0.481*** |
(0.203) | (0.235) | (0.178) | (0.197) | (0.160) | (0.176) |
Aged 18–24 | 0.279 | –0.869** | 0.580* | –0.373 | –0.822*** | 0.005 |
(0.337) | (0.423) | (0.304) | (0.300) | (0.291) | (0.268) |
Aged 50 years and older | 0.019 | –0.082 | 0.228 | –0.337 | –0.183 | –0.079 |
(0.243) | (0.282) | (0.214) | (0.246) | (0.188) | (0.218) |
Children present | –0.127 | –0.618** | –0.114 | –0.436** | –0.272* | –0.277 |
(0.207) | (0.248) | (0.182) | (0.207) | (0.164) | (0.183) |
Educational attainment (reference: high school degree or less) |
Associates or some college (no degree) | 0.173 | 0.951* | 0.247 | 0.551 | 0.309 | 0.956*** |
(0.410) | (0.499) | (0.334) | (0.369) | (0.310) | (0.331) |
Bachelors | 0.405 | 0.694 | 0.328 | 0.852** | 1.005*** | 1.329*** |
(0.390) | (0.487) | (0.322) | (0.355) | (0.294) | (0.322) |
Masters or higher | 0.473 | 0.312 | 0.316 | 0.446 | 1.215*** | 1.417*** |
(0.393) | (0.525) | (0.324) | (0.380) | (0.299) | (0.341) |
Attitudes towards COVID-19 |
Believers | 0.227** | 0.085 | 0.012 | –0.060 | 0.274*** | –0.026 |
(0.113) | (0.146) | (0.094) | (0.120) | (0.089) | (0.108) |
Deniers | 0.152 | 0.027 | 0.089 | –0.085 | –0.173** | –0.285*** |
(0.105) | (0.133) | (0.093) | (0.111) | (0.087) | (0.101) |
Transportation |
Vehicles per adult | –0.262 | –0.066 | –0.068 | –0.138 | –0.136 | 0.744** |
(0.212) | (0.483) | (0.182) | (0.398) | (0.168) | (0.338) |
Long commute before COVID (1 hr+) | –0.285 | 0.325 | –0.041 | 0.598** | 0.286 | 0.315 |
(0.294) | (0.328) | (0.249) | (0.294) | (0.232) | (0.268) |
WFH at least 3 days a week during COVID | 0.900*** | 2.053*** | 0.968*** | 1.716*** | 1.005*** | 1.269*** |
(0.221) | (0.328) | (0.179) | (0.209) | (0.157) | (0.179) |
Had a job that allowed them to WFH before COVID | 0.740*** | 1.037*** | 1.803*** | 1.476*** | 0.661*** | 1.287*** |
(0.210) | (0.245) | (0.183) | (0.203) | (0.163) | (0.193) |
Constant | –2.669*** | –4.098*** | –2.356*** | –2.562*** | –1.528*** | –2.816*** |
(0.455) | (0.603) | (0.385) | (0.419) | (0.343) | (0.383) |
Observations | 909 | 712 | 835 | 655 | 910 | 712 |
Log likelihood | –374.979 | –241.703 | –444.114 | –322.958 | –535.404 | –396.477 |
Log likelihood of intercept only model | –416.505 | –311.497 | –556.741 | –436.010 | –645.858 | –506.684 |
Akaike Inf. Crit. | 777.959 | 511.407 | 916.228 | 673.915 | 1,098.808 | 820.953 |
TJUR R2 (Tjur, 2009) | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.18 |